Invisible Race and Gender in Invisible Man, by Ralph Ellison Essay

In Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison, the unnamed narrator shows us through the use motifs and symbols how racial discrimination and sexism negatively affect the social class and individual identity of the oppressed people. Throughout the novel, the African American narrator tells us the story of his journey to honor success in life which is sabotaged by the white-dominated society in which he lives in. Along his journey, we are also shown how the patriarchy oppresses all of the women in the novel through the narrators encounters with them. One of the major motifs in Invisible Man is blindness. The first time were shown blindness in the novel is at the booking proud. The blindfolds that all of the contestants wear symbolize how the black society is blind to the way white society is still belittling them, despite the abolishment of slavery. When he arrives at the battle, the narrator says I was told that since I was to be there anyway I might as well take part in the battle royal to be fought by some of my schoolmates as part of the entertainment (Ellison 17). Although, the white men asked him to come to the battle royal in order to deliver his grade speech, they force him to participate in the battle royal, where the white men make young black men fight each other as a form of entertainment for them. When the black men put their blindfolds on to fight in this battle, they are blind, both figuratively and literally. They cant see the people they are combat against, just as they cant see how the white men are exploiting them for their own pleasure. Shelly Jarenski claims the Battle Royal establishes the relationship between white power, male power, and (hetero)sexual power, the self-grounding presumptions of dominant subjectiveness ... ... Jerilyn, and Ellen Silber. Women in Literature Reading Through the Lens of a Gender. Westport, CT Greenwood, 2003. Print. Butler, Robert. Ralph Ellison A Biography. African American Review 42.3/4 (2008) 759. Biography Ref erence cuss (H.W. Wilson). Web. 27 Nov. 2015.Jarenski, Shelly. Invisibility Embraced The Abject As A Site Of Agency In Ellisons Invisible Man.. Melus 35.4 (2010) 85-109. Academic Search Premier. Web. 27 Nov. 2015. Johns, Gillian. Jim Trueblood And His Critic-Readers Ralph Ellisons Rhetoric Of Dramatic satire And Tall Humor In The Mid-Century American Literary Public Sphere. Texas Studies In Literature & Language 49.3 (2007) 230. Biography Reference Bank (H.W. Wilson). Web. 27 Nov. 2015.Dickstein, Morris. Ralph Ellison, Race, And American Culture. Raritan 18.4 (1999) 30. MasterFILE Premier. Web. 27 Nov. 2015.

Violence in Schools Essay examples -- Education School Teen Violence

As teachers, parents, and students prepare and begin this new school year, hopefully fears of school violence such as the bullying, slapping, punching, weapon use, and rape will not be their major concern. To top it all, what is School Violence? As outlined in the Oxford Dictionary, School Violence is a subset of students or teachers violence, physical force exerted for the purpose of violating, damaging, or abusing, the act or an instance of violent action or behavior at school, abuse or injury to meaning, content, or intent, vehemence of feeling or expression. What is sad is that school violence necessarily to be a concern at all. The fact is violence of one sort or another is part of many schools today. Fortunately, this usually involves a small group of race fighting amongst themselves. School Violence is becoming more and more prevalent in todays society. People are talking about what needs to be done to help prevent this from becoming an everyday occurrence, looking to metal detectors for schools, profiling of who would be the most likely to commit such crimes, and ever-changing the way violence is looked at by society as a whole. There needs to be a change within society itself, provided also in suburban homes and most of all is at school. Parents have never really been encouraged to teach their children ways of non violent confrontation. A muscularity needs to be created towards parents getting involved in their childs lives and knowing what is going on with their son or daughter. This is not only a way to help prevent the violence that plagues the schools of today but to help stop violence from occurring. Parents are the front line defense to helping arrange an end to school violence. This writing will be paste on the harmful effects of v... ...lves that should be considered tackling matters that are important instead of slipping by means of so easily into issues that are not worth it and undemanding for not only their lives but also the lives o f others in the community that affected. Thus from what we see in arguments and damages caused in most communities are the cruelty of those students coming from school violences, so therefore to make this place a better one, teach students to discipline their pride and have more concern with what our life is taking us through, aiming for the best and the highest accomplishments not having violence affect our schools and our society.http//law.jrank.org/pages/12101/School-Violence-Effects-school-violence.htmlhttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/School_shootinghttp//whyfiles.org/065school_violence/http//712educators.about.com/od/schoolviolence/School_Violence.htm

Sobeys Business side in general :: essays research papers

Production DepartmentThe production department at Sobeys bequeath look after the land and the buildings that they own or rent. In most cases Sobeys owns 5 stores to one warehouse. Sobeys production department also makes sure that all the infallible equipment is in working order and on that point is enough time. They make sure that the delivery trucks are working and if any thing like a midpoint grinder or an oven needs repairing that it gets done. They also check to see that the cash registers are working. They back end check this through a central computer that is committed to all the cash registers in the region (Sobeys Ontario). They also look at the type of people they need to do the necessary jobs then relay it rachis to the Human Resources department. They will have all the operators who will drive forklifts at the factories and truck drivers. Also the guard staff processes the orders for new equipment and tools. They also hire support staff to do the jobs that Sobey s taff arent trained to do (plumbing, electrical). They also have managers who make sure that everything is running smoothly and that no one is use time and everyone is getting the proper amount of breaks. They look at the raw materials that is used for the bake shop and meat department and make sure that there is enough stock in the warehouse to last until there next bulk order comes in. Then that bulk order is broken down into littler but still bulk orders for the different stores to use. Some products are delivered straight from the suppliers warehouse to the store. They also make sure that the product isnt damaged when accredited or sold to consumers. Some other areas that the production department is in charge of is quality control, making sure that the product is made to the best it can be made, meeting deadlines, making sure the product reaches the store on time and that anything that has to be made or cut is done on time. They also look at keeping the product cost efficient but this sometimes shows in their products. Sobeys sells to a variety of people with very diverse economic backgrounds. So they sell high quality products that cost more and not so good products that cost less.Marketing and SalesThis department at Sobeys looks at ways that they market themselves and the amount of sales.

Ghost Story of the Haunted House :: Urban Legend Ghost Stories

The Haunted HouseThis haunted house in Hagerstown was built long ago. It is the site of a most provoke ghost story, which happened to my friends friends grandmother. now while I have heard many stories similar to this, I have neer known someone to be involved in one and actually affected by it. My friends friend is a Caucasian, 17-year- old(a), female Christian from Hagerstown. Her dad is a postal worker, and her mother works for the government. The story takes place in the house her grandmother temporarily lived in as a child. I collected this story while I was hanging out with my friend in her room. I happened to mention this assignment, and in comes one of her friends with a story to supposeThis story takes place in Hagerstown, Maryland. Its in this old house where my grandmother lived for like a year when she was younger. Before her family moved in, there was an old woman who had just died there. Her room just so happened to be the same room my grandmother stayed in . My grandmother would tell me that she would leave her room, and when she came back, her door would not moreover be shut, but locked. And this even happened when she was in the room sometimes. Plus, there was this rocking hot seat that was already in the house when they moved in, and it would just rock on its own. Now apparently, there were already rumors that the house was haunted. So, after not even living there for a year, my grandmother and her family moved out.After researching haunted houses in or adjacent Hagerstown, I was surprised to see the many accounts of so called haunted houses in this area. The story I collected includes one of the most common characteristics the mysterious rocking chair that will rock on its own free will. Many of the accounts reported online shared this feature. The other main paranormal activity from this story is the door end and locking itself. This same phenomenon seems to occur in many ghost stories. None of the articles I found online mentioned this feature, but such incidents appear in other stories I have heard from books and movies, so the door shutting and locking itself is certainly not unique to the story above.

Buy a Bride :: Marriage History Papers

Buy a Bride In the mid-eighteen hundreds the first waves of Americans began heading double-u. They were in search of the American dream their chance to live happily constantly after. This first wave of settlers was for the most part, composed of miners looking to strike it rich. They exploited the mineral resources all over the west, wherever gold was found the most far-famed places were in California, Colorado, and the Dakotas. The brave and adventurous custody streamed over the continent in wagon trains or around it in ships in order to reach the west coast. Towns sprang up around the different places where gold had been found as well as around places for ships to dock. The next wave of people to head west was the ranchers. They infallible land and western land was far cheaper than land in the east. The ever growing cities in the east needed an ever increasing supply of solid food and the cattle found on the western plains proved a good and profitable solution. Shortly after t he ranchers the farmers came looking for land. The land in the east was emaciated out from over cultivation, in stark contrast the western land was rich and virtually untouched, not to work forcetion cheaper. The west was a new and brilliant land with endless possibilities. (Summitt) Despite the promise and possibilities there were a few minor problems. One such problem was that the vast majority of the settlers were men. Men from the east states, Canada, and Europe often preceded the women, and then found themselves longing for feminine companionship. (Yalom 226) Population imbalances, combined with geographical isolation and physical distance, often made men unbalanced to find wives from among the few single Anglo women living in their region of the west. Unfortunately, interracial marriages were not looked upon favorably by the population at large, so even men who had taken Indian brides were looking for women of European decent (15) In some places the problem was worse than in others. In the Washington soil it has been estimated that the ratio of men to women, regardless of marital status, as high as 91 and that there were at least two thousand men in the Territory that wished to get married (Holbrook 47). This problem was not a simple one to remedy. Men who had enough money traveled east and brought back a wife, save the vast majority of the populous did not have the capital needed to make such a journey possible.

Buy a Bride :: Marriage History Papers

Buy a Bride In the mid-eighteen hundreds the origin waves of Americans began heading west. They were in search of the American dream their chance to live happily ever after. This first wave of settlers was for the most part, composed of miners looking to strike it rich. They exploited the mineral resources all over the west, wherever gold was found the most famous places were in California, Colorado, and the Dakotas. The brave and adventurous men streamed over the continent in wagon trains or around it in ships in order to reach the west coast. Towns sprang up around the different places where gold had been found as well as around places for ships to dock. The next wave of people to head west was the ranchers. They needed trim down and western acres was far cheaper than land in the east. The ever growing cities in the east needed an ever increasing supply of food and the cows found on the western plains proved a good and profitable solution. Shortly after the ranchers the farmers came looking for land. The land in the east was worn proscribed from over cultivation, in stark contrast the western land was rich and virtually untouched, not to mention cheaper. The west was a new and promising land with endless possibilities. (Summitt) Despite the promise and possibilities there were a few minor problems. One such problem was that the massive majority of the settlers were men. Men from the eastern states, Canada, and atomic number 63 often preceded the women, and then found themselves longing for feminine companionship. (Yalom 226) Population imbalances, combined with geographical isolation and physical distance, often made men frantic to queue up wives from among the few single Anglo women living in their region of the west. Unfortunately, interracial marriages were not looked upon favorably by the population at large, so even men who had interpreted Indian brides were looking for women of European decent (15) In some places the problem was worse than in oth ers. In the Washington Territory it has been estimated that the ratio of men to women, unheeding of marital status, as high as 91 and that there were at least two thousand men in the Territory that wished to get going married (Holbrook 47). This problem was not a simple one to remedy. Men who had enough money traveled east and brought back a wife, but the vast majority of the populous did not have the capital needed to make such a journey possible.

Classical and Positive Theory Essay

Classical Philosophy emphasizes on human race rationality and redundantdom. Some pure writings are written by Plato, Aristotle, Boethius and St. Thomas of Aquinas. These writers of the ancient and medieval school are still relevant to the philosophical thoughts of today. Nation begins to turn from feudal system and the modern world based its governance on rational decision making. Classical thinking also compels justice system to give varying degrees of bustling punishment to offenders.Classical school of rational thoughts believes that suffering is an integral part of human existence and since man is ordained the highest among the created things he is lord over them which operator that what controls man is his free own will. His freedom is based on the fear of pain and death or punishment which makes him control his behavior. Since man is free it factor free to choose what is good as dictated by the moral norms and the authority governing its people. In this way, the State oug ht to enforce law in an organize and equitable way.Being free does not intend to do what one wishes to do but choosing what is right. Its relevance in todays accident is the way how truth is safeguarded in this present society in which sometimes sins becomes a virtue. The classical minded protagonists defended and defined what is rational and nonsensical it distinguishes the upright conscience from the deformed and seemingly lax consciences. Man is therefore relegated to its higher end and in the belief that life is worthwhile. 2) Positivist Theory What factors contributed to the capable heritage of positivism?How does the positivist theory apply in the modern world today, if at all? prescribed theory is a search of fourfold factors that causes human behavior (CLASSICAL AND POSITIVIST SCHOOLS OF CRIMINOLOGY, 2005). Positivism is a way of seeing things around us based on the actual happenings in the tangible world. That human endeavor has a pattern in which a person bathroom discover in the natural way. Once the patterns are discovered we can deduce the information into small portions where we can analyze and learn the facts about the whole thing.The method of learning is perceived objectively, open minded view to the world. Positive law can be used to change an organization based on the observable scientific data. The application of natural sciences is applied to the study of human behavior. Positive theory as applied in the modern world could be environmental and biological and sometimes evolutionary which means that traits can be passed on through heredity. A positivists judge rejects the idea that criminal behavior is a result of free will but seek the understanding of the bad action through scientific method.However some psychologists believed that we could diminish the criminal populace by partial elimination which advocates death for those with long-lived psychological abnormalities. The first indicates that man is not responsible of his action and the later concept is contrary to the moral norms and is not acceptable to a humane and free society.ReferencesCLASSICAL AND POSITIVIST SCHOOLS OF CRIMINOLOGY Electronic. (2005). Version. Retrieved 05 November 2007, from http//faculty. ncwc. edu/toconnor/301/301lect02. htm

The Treatment Of Eating Disorders Health And Social Care Essay

Eating upsets atomic number 18 characterized by forms of perturbations in take behavior oft accompanied by feelings of prejudice and/or concern about organic structure free weight or form. Anorexia Nervosa ( AN ) , Bulimia Nervosa ( BN ) , Eating Disorders-Not Otherwise Specified ( ED-NOS ) are three classs by which feeding upsets identified. The American Psychiatric Association ( APA ) ( 1994 ) fore close to identified sate Eating Disorder ( BED ) as a probationary feeding upset canvass in the DSM-IV. BED is frequently classified under the catch all of the ED-NOS diagnosing. The DSM-IV-TR ( APA, 2000 ) standard for AN, BN, and BED are listed in Table 1.Eating upsets have frequently been noted as one of the near hard psychiatric conditions to handle and hold been associated with increased mortality and self-destruction rates ( Crow et al. , 2009 ) . Other tangible and psychosocial wellness effects include and are non limited to limb and occasion hurting, concern, GI job s, catamenial jobs, shortness of breath, thorax hurting, anxiousness, depressive symptoms, and substance maltreatment ( Johnson, Spitzer, Williams, 2001 ) . scorn host co-morbid conditions, effectual behavioral and pharmacological handlings for ingest upsets have been established. For illustration, family-based therapy ( i.e. , Maudsley Approach ) is deriving acknowledgment as an evidenced-based hitch for striplings with AN ( Wilson, Grilo, & A Vitousek, 2007 ) in both joint household Sessionss ( Lock, Agras, Bryson, & A Kraemer, 2005 ) and in detached format where person with AN and her household attend separate Sessionss ( Eisler et al. , 2000 ) . Additionally, cognitive-behavior therapy ( CBT Hay, Bacaltchuk, & A Stefano, 2009 ) , dialectical-behavior therapy ( DBT Chen et al. , 2008 ) , and interpersonal therapy ( IPT Fairburn, 1997 ) have been successful in the interference of BN. Research tends to back up CBT as the preventative of pick for both BN and BED ( Hay , Bacaltchuk, Stefano, 2004 ) .Table 1. DSM-IV-TR diagnostic standards for AN, BN, BED.Anorexia NervosaRefusal to keep organic structure weight at or above what is normal weight for age and tallness ( i.e. , & gt 85 % of what is expected ) .Intense fright of deriving weight or breathing out fat, even though scraggy.Perturbation in the manner in which 1 s organic structure weight or form is experienced, undue form of organic structure weight or form on self-evaluation, or denial of the earnestness of the current low organic structure weight.In postmenarcheal female, amenorrhoea ( i.e. , absence of 3 back-to-back catamenial rhythms ) .Specify Type Restricting Type During current incident of AN, person does non fixednessly engagein binge- take or purifying behaviour.Binge-Eating/Purging Type During current episode of AN, the individual has on a regular basis engaged in binge-eating or purging behaviour.Bulimia NervosaPerennial debauchery eating episodes. Characterized by 1 ) feeding, in a distinct period of clip ( e.g. , within a 2-hour period ) , an sum of nutrient that is larger than most would eat in a similar period of clip under similar fortunes and 2 ) a sense of deficiency of control over eating during the episode ( e.g. , a feeling that one can non halt eating or command what or how much one is eating ) .Recurrent purging/compensatory weight loss steps in order to forestall weight addition.Binge feeding and purging/compensatory behaviours present at least 2 generation a hebdomad for 3 months.Self-image inexcusably influenced by organic structure weight and form.Absence of Anorexia Nervosa.Specify Type Purging Type During current episode of BN, the person has engaged inself-induced emesis or the abuse of laxatives, water pills, or clyster.Nonpurging Type During the current episode of BN, the individual has apply other contrary compensatory behaviours, such as fasting or inordinate exercising, but has non engaged in self-induced emesis or th e abuse of laxatives, water pills, or clyster.Binge Eating DisorderRecuring scream eating episodes. Characterized by 1 ) feeding, in a distinct period of clip ( e.g. , within a 2-hour period ) , an sum of nutrient that is larger than most would eat in a similar period of clip under similar fortunes and 2 ) a sense of deficiency of control over eating during the episode ( e.g. , a feeling that one can non halt eating or command what or how much one is eating ) .The binge-eating episodes are associated with 3 or more of the followers 1 ) eating more quickly than normal, 2 ) feeding until experiencing uncomfortably full, 3 ) eating big sums of nutrient when non physically hungry, 4 ) eating entirely because of being embarrassed by how much one is eating, 5 ) feeling disgusted with oneself, depressed, or really guilty by and by gorging.Marked hurt environing bacchanal feeding.The orgy feeding occurs, on norm, at least 2 yearss a hebdomad for 6 months.The orgy feeding is non associate d with the regular usage of inappropriate compensatory behaviours ( e.g. , purge, fasting, inordinate exercising ) and does non happen entirely during the class of ANor BN.Pharmacological interventions have been used in harmony with behavioural intervention or entirely ( Zhu & A Walsh, 2002 ) in the intervention of eating upsets. Research accepts pharmacological intervention for persons with BN and BED ( Bacaltchuck, 2000 ) . Specifically, antidepressants have been found to hold short-run benefit in the diminution of binging and purge behaviours ( Walsh et al, 2000 McElroy et Al, 2003 ) . Unfortunately, pharmacological intervention tends to hold high disobedience rates and backsliding is frequently frequent ( Becker, 2003 ) . Presently, there is no existential support for the usage of antidepressants among persons with AN ( Wilson, Grilo, Vitousek, 2007 ) . Behavioral and pharmacological interventions are most frequently used in combination with another in treatment eating ups ets due to legion co-morbid conditions.Unfortunately, the aforesaid behavioural interventions have a figure of restrictions when delivered outside a forte scene ( e.g. , outpatient psychological wellness clinic, inpatient eating upset focalise ) . For illustration, the livery of family-based therapy for AN requires 10-20 hour- unyielding household Sessionss over a 6-12 month period ( Lock, le Grange, Agras, & A Dare, 2001 ) , and manualized CBT for BN requires 15-20 Sessionss over louvre months ( Fairburn, 1989 1993 ) . Treatments for AN and BN are non except drawn-out and dearly-won, but eating upset forte providers are limited, and persons with feeding upsets are frequently immune to specialty attention ( Fairburn & A Carter, 1996 ) . Additionally, merely a little fracture of persons with feeding upsets are treated in mental health care ( Hoek & A van Hoeken, 2003 ) and are more likely to show with feeding impoverished symptoms in a basal coil attention puting ( Hoek , 2006 ) . fleck primary attention prepares frequently recommend forte intervention on claim signifiers, there is petite follow- through with referrals ( Hach et al. , 2005 2003 ) . Therefore, the primary attention scene is frequently the chief intervention installation for those with a life-time eating upset diagnosing ( Hudson, Hiripi, Pope, & A Kessler, 2007 ) . Due to the fast nature of a primary attention scene, interventions need to be brief, cost-efficient, and possible in application for bing staff. Therefore, development and designation of brief, effectual interferences for eating upsets are necessary.A figure of surveies have tested the efficaciousness of specific brief intercessions for AN, BN, and BED outside of primary attention environment. Fichter, Cebulla, Quadflieg, & A Naab ( 2008 ) implemented a self-help parting ( i.e. , self-help CBT manual ) to the pretreatment stage of forte attention for persons with AN giving significantly shorter inpatient attent ion. For intervention of persons with BN and BED, a stepped-care attack has gained support ( Laessle, 1991 Treasure, 1996 Carter, 1998 ) . This attack may suit hefty with the wrench of primary attention, since persons with BN are offered brief intercessions and so reevaluated. Brief intercessions for BN are often in the signifier of abridged CBT frequently accompanied by a self-help constituent ( Treasure, 1996 Cooper, Coker, & A Fleming, 1994 ) . A figure of self-help CBT books have been published aimed at assisting persons with binging and purge ( e.g. , Cooper, 1995 Fairburn, 1995 ) . Brief execution of CBT ( Leonard et al. , 1997 ) , self-help CBT ( Sysko & A Walsh, 2008 ) , telephone counsel ( Palmer, Birchall, McGrain, & A Sullivan, 2002 ) , internet bringing ( Pretorius et al, 2009 ) , and motivational sweetening ( Schmidt, 1997 Vitousek, 1998 ) are all illustrations of promising brief intercessions explored for the intervention of binging and purge symptoms. While primary attention has been identified as an ideal puting for handling BN and BED, few effectivity surveies using brief intercessions for eating disordered symptoms have been conducted in the primary attention scene.A figure of eating upset intervention guidelines for primary attention suppliers have been published ( e.g. , Carter & A Fairburn, 1995 Gurney & A Halmi, 2001 Pritts & A Susman, 2003 Williams, Goodie, Motsinger, 2008 ) . However, there is limited info about the effectivity or deductions of behavioural intercessions for eating upsets delivered in the primary attention puting. Therefore, the purposes of the current survey are to 1 ) place all surveies presenting a behavioural constituent for AN, BN or BED in a primary attention scene, 2 ) examine the features and intervention results of surveies identified, and 3 ) allow intervention deductions every bit good as waies for future research.Methods belles-lettres ReviewThe reappraisal of the literature winding multipl e computing machine hunts and reappraisal of old reappraisal documents every bit good as surveies cited within these documents. Search databases include CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycARTICLES, PsychInfo, and PubMed utilizing the hunt footings binge-eating syndrome nervosa OR orgy eating upset OR anorexia nervosa AND primary attention. Figure 1 outlines the literature hunt and shows 314 abstracts of articles reviewed for inclusion body every bit good as mentions cited in five eating upset intervention reappraisal documents ( i.e. , Berkman et al. , 2006 Hay, Bacaltchuk, Stefano, & A Kashyap, 2009 Kondo & A Sokol, 2006 Williams, Goodie, & A Motsinger, 2008 Wilson, Grilo, & A Vitousek, 2007 ) . If deficient information was provided in an abstract the first writer obtained the full article for reappraisal.Inclusion and Exclusion CriteriaPrimary care-based intercession surveies aiming AN, BN, and BED, were identified based on the succeeding(prenominal) inclusion and exclusion st andards. Inclusion standards included 1 ) the survey incorporated a behavioural constituent to the intercession for persons with AN, BN, or BED 2 ) the intercession was conducted in a primary attention puting ( or the intercession was implemented in a scene explicitly intended to emulate primary attention, as say in the survey s methods subdivision ) 3 ) the survey was a ) published in 2009 or earlier, B ) in English, degree Celsius ) and included empirical informations therefore, qualitative and instance surveies were excluded. Exclusion standards included 1 ) intercessions in scenes other than primary attention puting ( or non explicitly saying an purpose to imitate a primary attention puting ) 2 ) non-intervention surveies ( e.g. , surveies conducted in primary attention with ends of obtaining epidemiological informations ) 3 ) intercession surveies concentrating on weight loss or including an obesity-oriented attack 4 ) non-behavioral intercessions ( i.e. , entirely med icative intercessions ) . International and domestic surveies were included in this reappraisal. Given the limited literature, surveies were non excluded on the footing of whether or non participants were randomized to intervention, type of behavioural intercession, ingest size, continuance of intervention, or participant features ( e.g. , gender ) . A sum of five surveies met standards for the current reappraisal. All surveies included were on the intervention of BN and BED. No surveies were found on AN.314* abstracts/full-text articles reviewedCINAHL ( 45 )Embase ( 83 )PsychArticles ( 0 )PsychInfo ( 86 )PubMed ( 100 )Mentions cited in 5 eating upset intervention reappraisal documentsBerkman et Al. ( 2006 )Hay et Al. ( 2009 )Kondo & A Sokol ( 2006 )Williams et Al. ( 2008 )Wilson et Al. ( 2007 )3 pilot film surveies identified2 pilot light surveies identified4 primary care-based intercession ( 3 randomized, 1 non-randomized )1 designed-for-primary attention intercession ( random ized )Entire 5 original surveiesFigure 1. Flow chart covering designation procedure of selected primary attention articles. *Note Overlap nowadays among articles showing in multiple databases.ConsequencesFeatures of the Studies ReviewedOf the five surveies that met inclusion standards, four of the surveies were randomized ( i.e. , Banasiak, Paxton, Hay, 2005 Carter and Fairburn, 1998 Durand and King, 2003 Walsh et al. , 2004 ) . Among randomised surveies, no(prenominal) of the surveies fulfilled all of the standards of the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials ( CONSORT ) , a criterion and minimal set of guidelines for describing randomized-controlled tests. All surveies included were self-described as effectiveness surveies. Therefore, feasibleness of intercession was paramount to the survey. Merely two of the five surveies recruited participants in the primary attention puting ( Durand & A King, 2003 Waller et al. , 1996 ) . The figure of participants in the five surve ies ranged from 11 to 109 ( M = 70.2, SD = 36.9 ) . Primary attention suppliers ( angel dusts ) were the exclusive supplier of the behavioural intercession in two of the five surveies ( i.e. , Banasiak et al. , 2005 Durand & A King, 2003 ) , and PCPs delivered behavioural intercessions in concurrence with nurses in two other of the five surveies ( i.e. , Waller et al. , 1996 Walsh et al. , 2004 ) . Minimally trained facilitators ( i.e. , former concert dance terpsichorean, medical exam secretary, and group leader ) delivered the behavioural intercession in the 1 survey ( Carter & A Fairburn, 1998 ) . Three of the five surveies provided at least 2-6 hours of readiness for doctors and/or nurses transporting out the intercession ( i.e. , Banasiak, Paxton, Hay, 2005 Waller et al. , 1994 Walsh et al. , 2004 ) . Two of the surveies did non supply separate expression for those transporting out the intercession, but instead gave facilitators the same educational stuffs distributed to the participants ( i.e. , Carter & A Fairburn, 1998 Durand & A King, 2003 ) . One survey incorporated both behavioural and pharmacological intervention attacks ( Walsh et al. , 2004 ) . take to Table 2 for extra survey features.Table 2. Features of surveies reviewed.SurveyParticipants & A CriteriaenlistingRandomized/Non-randomizedDelivery of Intervention/TrainingInterventionDurationBanasiak et al. , 2005N=109( full or sub-threshold BN modified DSM-IV standards )Community AdsNewspaper 61.4 %Primary manage 21.1 %Community centre 12 %ED centre referral 5.5 %Randomizeda?16 PCPsa?given manual & A attended a half-day shopGSH utilizing Bulimia Nervosa and Binge feeding A usher to recovery vs. delayed intervention control17 weeks/1 30-60 minute initial contact & A 9 20-30 minute intervention Sessionss.Carter & A Fairburn, 1998N=72( full BED DSM-IV standards, but non run intoing full BN standards )Newspaper AdsRandomizeda?3 facilitatorsFormer concert dance terpsichoreanMedical secretaryGroup leadera?given manual & A intervention of 2-3 pilot participants.PSH vs. GSH utilizing Overcoming Binge Eating V. Wait list control12 weeks/ 6-8 25-minute Sessionss.Durand & A King, 2003N=68( BN symptoms )Primary attention physician referralRandomizeda?32 PCPsa?given manual, guidelines, & A phone no. for particular concernsGSH via Bulimia Nervosa A usher to recoveryvs. forte clinic interventionDuration of intervention variedGSH 5 visits with PCPWaller et al. , 1996N=11( full BN DSM-IV standards )Back-to-back series of primary Care patientsNon-randomizeda? 4 Health professionals1 nursea? 2 three-hourpreparationworkshopsAbridged CBT& lt 8 20-minute Sessionss in hebdomadal intervals.Walsh et al. ,2004N= 91( BN symptoms )Newspaper advertizements and referralsRandomizeda? 7 Health professionals8 nursesa? brief 2-hour preparation & A intervention of a sum of 6 pilot patientsa? GSH + placebo vs. GSH + Fluoxetine vs. placebo-only vs. Fluoxetine-only.a? GSH used Overcomin g Binge Eating.6-8 30-minute Sessionss over 4-5 months.Note PCP Primary Care Physician, GSH go acrossd Self-Help, PSH Pure Self-Help, ED Eating DisorderInterventionsOverall, this current reappraisal identified two chief attacks to handling BN and BED in primary attention. The first was for practicians to supply behavioural reding themselves, with an augmentation ( i.e. , self-help manual ) . The 2nd option used a collaborative attack in which a non-physician ( e.g. , nurse ) served as the primary intervention supplier with the doctor in a encouraging function with or without an augmentation ( i.e. , self-help manual, psychopharmacological medicine ) . A PCP was the exclusive supplier of the intercession in two surveies ( Banasiak et al. , 2005 Durand & A King, 2003 ) and a non-physician ( i.e. , nurse ) in two surveies ( Waller et al. , 1996 Walsh et al. , 2004 ) . A fifth survey used facilitators ( i.e. , concert dance terpsichorean, medical secretary, and a group leader ) to emulate primary attention suppliers ( Carter and Fairburn, 1998 ) .Guided Self-help versus Pure Self-helpAmong all surveies examined, four surveies implemented cognitive behavioural self-help in the intercession and incorporated the usage of a self-help manual ( i.e. , Banasiak, Paxton, Hay, 2005 Carter and Fairburn, 1998 Durand and King, 2003 Walsh et al. , 2004 ) . Get the better ofing Binge Eating ( Fairburn, 1995 ) , Bulimia Nervosa and Binge-Eating A Guide to Recovery ( Cooper, 1995 ) , and Bulimia Nervosa A Guide to Recovery ( Cooper, 1993 ) were the three manuals used. The add-on of the self-help manual came in two signifiers 1 ) maneuver self-help and 2 ) pure self-help. Guided self-help pattern included a doctor or other supplier guiding and directing the participants through the manual during scheduled visits and delegating specific reading in the manual to the participant. Pure self-help involved the supplier providing a manual to the participant and the instructi ons to read the manual over the class of the intercession.Treatment ResultsThree of the four surveies utilizing self-help found self-help methods to be good in relieving orgy eating episodes ( Banasiak, Paxton, & A Hay, 2005 Carter & A Fairburn, 1998 Durand & A King, 2003 ) . One survey comparing guided self-help and Prozac found no benefits of guided self-help used entirely or used in concurrence with the medicine ( Walsh et al. , 2004 ) . However, medicative benefits of diminishing bulimic symptoms were important. These consequences should be interpreted with cautiousness, since this survey yielded a 69 % chicken feed rate. Another survey comparing the benefits of guided self-help, pure self-help, and wait-list control found those who received guided self-help and pure-self aid to hold significantly fewer binge-eating episodes at lieu intervention and three month inspection ( Carter & A Fairburn, 1998 ) . While no important differences were obtained between guided self-he lp and pure self-help intervention groups at the terminal of intervention, the guided self-help group attained significance over the pure self-help group across post-treatment clip points ( i.e. , 3 months and 6 months ) ( Carter & A Fairburn, 1998 ) . Waller et Al. ( 1996 ) was the lone survey non using a self-help constituent, but instead an abridged CBT intervention. This intervention yielded a 55 % betterment rate in bulimic symptoms. See Table 3 for result informations on each survey.Table 3. Outcome information on examined surveies.SurveyResultEffect SizeRestrictionsAbrasionBanasiak et al. , 200560 % decrease in nonsubjective orgy eating in GSH vs. 6 % decrease in DTC.61 % decrease of purging behaviour in GSH vs. 10 % decrease in DTC.GSH V DTCGorging Einsteinium 1.96Purging Einsteinium 1.47a? PCPs delivering intervention had date in eating upsets prior to analyzea? Not all participants recruited from ad hominem computer33 % dropped outCarter & A Fairburn,1998Decrease in oftenness of orgy eating episodes important in both PSH & A GSH. GSH significantly lower in dietetic restraint than PSH at posttreatment & A 3-month followup.GSH V PSH in dietetic restraint posttreatment*ES -.713-month followup*ES -.66a?34 % decrease of orgy feeding in wait list controla? deficiency of weight alterationa? conformity poorer in PSH vs. GSHa? Participants non recruited from Personal computera? survey simulated PC office12 % dropped outDurand & A King, 2003No clinical significance between self-help and forte clinic intervention result. Both self-help and forte attention yielded important betterment in bulimic symptoms indicated by BITE.Self-help at baseline V 6 month followup on BITE*ES .56Forte at 6 month followup on BITE*ES .67a?Small samplea?Outcome informations based on self-report graduated tablea?lack of specificity in magnitude of difference b/w intervention attentiona?23 % dropped out in GSH groupa?17 % dropped out in forte attentionWaller et al. , 199655 % improved well, 45 % did non profitNot able to cipher Insufficient informationsa?Small samplea?long preparationa?inefficient intercession18 % dropped outWalsh et al. ,2004GSH had no important consequence on the decrease of bulimic symptoms compared to Fluoxetine. Fluoxetine had important decrease in bulimic symptoms.GSH vs. Fluoxetine*ES -.06Fluoxetine V Fluoxetine w/GSH*ES .02a? Disobediencea? 8 participants were reassigned conditionsa? Recruitment non in Personal computer.a? No public-service corporation for GSH detected.69 % dropped outNote GSH Guided Self-Help, PSH Pure Self-Help, DTC Delayed Treatment Control, PCPs Primary Care Physicians, Personal computer Primary Care, BITE Bulimic Investigatory Test Edinburgh*Effect sizes ( ES ) calculated by article s first writer utilizing the undermentioned computation vitamin D = M1 M2 / i?-i ( i1A? +i ii i?A? ) / 2 . vitamin D = M1 M2 / i wherei i = i?- ii ( X M ) A? / N .DiscussionPersons with eating upsets have some of the h ighest mortality rates of all psychiatric conditions ( Crow et al, 2008 ) coupled with high physical and psychological co-morbid conditions. Because of these co-morbid conditions, persons with feeding upsets are likely to show in primary attention puting with co-morbid ailments ( CITE ) . PCPs and staff are in a alone place to supply early sensing and intervention. Due to clip restraints, primary attention suppliers frequently lack the experience and preparation to implement intercessions for persons with feeding upsets. Therefore, brief, evidenced-based intercessions with minimum required preparation are paramount to the acceptance and airing of eating upset intervention.Consequences of this reappraisal expose the limited sum of research that has been conducted on the intervention of AN, BN, and BED in a primary attention puting. The current reappraisal identified five surveies four on BN, one on BED, and no surveies were found on the intervention of AN in a primary attention puti ng. Of the five surveies that met standards for inclusion, four were randomized-controlled tests ( RCTs ) , which are often recognized as the gilded criterion in efficaciousness research. Among the RCTs, none of the surveies fulfilled all of the suggested CONSORT criterions.Four of the five surveies reviewed enforced CBT self-help in the signifier of a manual with educational constituents aiming binging and purge behaviours. Three of the four surveies utilizing self-help intervention found the intervention to be good ( i.e. , Banasiak, Paxton, & A Hay, 2005 Carter & A Fairburn, 1998 Durand & A King, 2003 ) . Therefore, self-help intervention may be a good intervention for some patients showing in primary attention. Among surveies describing benefits, guided self-help proved to be more good than pure self-help neverthe little, pure self-help was still found to hold benefit ( Carter & A Fairburn, 1998 ) . In a scene comparing survey, guided self-help CBT intervention was deemed every bit effectual as forte clinic intervention ( Durand & A King, 2003 ) .Effectiveness and FeasibilityWhile all surveies were conducted in a primary attention puting or in a scene that explicitly simulated a primary attention scene, merely two surveies recruited participants from this scene ( Durand & A King, 2003 Waller et Al. 1996 ) . The enlisting context may restrict the effectivity of the interventions examined given studies of persons showing in primary attention exhibit higher(prenominal) rates of somatization, mental unwellness, and chronic conditions ( Jyvasjarvi et al. , 2001 Toft et al. , 2005 ) . Besides, given this survey was an international reappraisal, primary attention scenes differ across wellness attention systems hence, non merely may lodge samples differ from primary attention samples, but primary attention samples may differ from state to state ( Bailer et al. , 2004 ) .Similarly, PCPs in different states may hold ever-changing clip restraints with re spects to preparation and intervention bringing. However, minimum preparation and bringing efficiency are of import features for PCPs ( CITE ) . In this reappraisal, two surveies required less than an hr of preparation for the primary attention suppliers presenting the intercession ( Durand & A King, 2003 Carter & A Fairburn, 1998 ) . Given PCPs clip restraints, developing necessitating more than an hr may non be executable for the typical supplier. Another restriction to generalising intervention to the primary attention scene is the continuance of intervention in the surveies examined. Duration of intercession ranged from 5-10 visits at 20-30 proceedingss per visit. The length of intervention could explicate the high rates of abrasion ( i.e. , 12-69 % ) found in the surveies reviewed. However, Waller et Al. ( 1996 ) noted the indicated intervention may non take every bit long as the appointed intervention, since participants dropping out prior to completion of intervention sti ll benefitted. The long-run effects and backsliding rates of brief intercession interventions in this scene is unknown, since the none of the surveies collected follow-up informations six months post intervention.Deductions for PracticeBrief intercessions may merely be effectual for a subset of patients with bulimia nervosa and orgy feeding inclinations. near surveies reviewed excluded participants with co-morbid upsets. Therefore, findings may non be generalizable to the typical primary attention population. Identifying the subset of persons in which brief intercessions will be most effectual remains disputing. While evidenced-based, brief intercessions are considered the first line of intervention for persons showing in primary attention ( NICE, 2004 ) , it is ill-defined how patients neglecting to react to these intercessions should be treated.PCPs electing non to supply behavioural intervention to patients with BN or orgy feeding must still play a important function in measurin g and handling the physical symptomatology of eating upsets. With the outgrowth of incorporate attention, psychologists and mental wellness suppliers are going more present in the primary attention puting. Therefore, persons with BN and orgy eating inclinations may be treated holistically in the primary attention scene.Directions for Future ResearchFuture research should concentrate on honing self-help CBT intervention in the primary attention puting and including participants with co-morbid features. Expanding bringing of intervention beyond primary attention doctors to other suppliers, such as nurses, dieticians, societal workers, and staff workers, may let for more trim intervention for the single presenting with feeding disordered behaviour.

Personal space and territoriality Essay

In psychology, the notion of personalised space is mainly applied to humans, while the notion of territoriality traditionally belongs to animate being psychology domain. Human personal space is also different from that of nonhumans. The concepts of territoriality and personal space argon integrally linked to the modes of communication humans and nonhumans choose in their daily social and psychological interactions.Although the concept of personal space is different across cultures, Cassidy (1997) refers to the four common personal space zones that are mostly similar across different cultures intimate zone, personal zone, social zone, and public zone determine the specific communicational and behavioral patterns and require come ining specific social standards. Psychology professionals need object glass understanding and evaluation of personal space cultural differences.For example, Japanese people promote the importance of large personal space in America, foreigners need cartr idge clip to psychologically adjust to the extremely narrow understanding of personal space that Americans use in their daily lives. Ultimately, the concept of personal space piddles a singular psychological climate that is never common for all cultures. In many aspects, our territorial behavior is similar to that of animals territories are like elastic discs the center is tumesce defined and defended aggressively by the occupier, only further away from the center the intruder is dealt with far less aggressively (Cassidy, 1997).Like animals, we also display animal territorial habits very often we tend to take the same seat in class in public places, we use different means of scratch our personal spots. However, as animal territorial behavior is determined by instincts and impulses, human personal space is heavily impacted by the complex delineate of social and psychological factors. Age and gender substantially change ones perceptions about personal space some cultures make p eople more(prenominal) sensitive to the boundaries of their personal space.It would be appropriate to suggest that although personal space area is not constant, it is a constant variable impacting the psyche (Cassidy, 1997). Conformity and deference Conformity and obedience form close relationship in psychology. Compliance is the general characteristic of the two concepts that links them to a complex system of gathering relations. Huffman (2005) provides extensive evaluation of how human psyche reacts to group pressures conformity and obedience are referred to as the most frequent components of group interactions.Conformity is a form of compliance where the individual is pressured by social factors and where compliance is driven by the fear of isolation, embarrassment or social anxiety. Sometimes, conformity can be voluntary, when we consciously choose to join a particular group of individuals. Conformity often turns into a form of compliance that is involuntary and is not fully conscious. When we are compelled to follow certain behavioral norms (for example, we should be polite with elder people), we do change our behavior, but we do not necessarily change our attitudes toward these people.That is the essence of conformity the behavioral change takes place without changing the attitude (Huffman, 2005). Obedience is very similar to conformity in that it represents another form of compliance, which involves the concept of authority and implies that the person is forced to follow commands. It is not rare that people are forced to step over their attitudes and morals to follow the rule of authority.Conformity may turn into obedience, but as we seek conformity to become socially accepted and to be praised and recognized, obedience is the result of our natural desire to avoid punishment. Conformity and obedience are the two ends of the one social continuum, representing the two ultimate forms of compliance in human behavior. Through the cultural prism, conformi ty is a prevalent characteristic of collectivist environments, while obedience is the necessary feature of authoritarian behavioral style.

Mind My Karaoke †Music Business Plan Essay

Executive summaryKaraoke is a Free Web based natural coering parcel for pc , Smart phones and tablets. it is Initi solelyy Designer for the Indian Music constancy where people ar Interested in social Networking and interacting with a rear separatewise with various Mediums. Karaoke put up appear close to brotherly networking, with a Fresh and New concept of people making their own karaoke version of their favored latest yells from All Different languages all over India and shargon it With their friends and Well wishers, using it as an recreational medium. With Increasing and Unbelievable plagiarization dictate in India Karaoke pass on help The record Companies , Artists and the Consumers as well.A Web based Application computer software, where sharing Karaoke songs and Interacting with friends is brand- impudently and easy to adapt and interesting as well. The Karaoke offers up to date pilot karaoke tracks with good grapheme and voice modulating options for the un paid singer who give it as a recreation and Fun. The karaoke itself acts as an Social Networking Medium where it meets Facebook , peep and undecomposed misdirect which are one of the Top rated Social mediums in this generation to moderate it to a greater extent winningle.Business IdeaThe Increasing plagiarisation rate in India, especially in the Music Industry where 95% of the Music downloaded in India is claimed to be Illegal ( RIAA report 2010). India when Compared to the Other Countries sadly remains in the top five , with a High piracy rate in the characterization Industry. The Film Industry suffered loss of 450 476 000 ( INR 4000 00 00 000 ) due to Video and Audio piracy. on that point is drastic increasing level of practice of medicine piracy through and through and through Online and Offline year by year, where there is no sign of decreasing piracy rate. The Indian Film Industry is a growing Industry where the human activitys is on increase. India is the Larges t producer of films according to the BBC report 2009. In 2009 India Produced 2961 films on celluloid intromits 1288 feature Films. The are to a greater extent(prenominal) than ten subdivisions in the Indian Film Industry which contains more than ten languages of Films, i.e. Hindi, Tamil, Kannada, Malayalam, Telugu, Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Konkani, Marathi, Punjabi, Sindhi and many more. where each state has an unique Language of their own.Minimum of 100 mental pictures each from the languages of Tamil, Telugu, Hindi, Malayalam and Kannada release in Cinema theatres ein truth year. 95% of the pics has tunes which is a typical characteristic of the Indian Film Industry. Each Movie releases a Music phonograph album from the Movie itself containing a Minimum of 4 Tracks which helps the growth of this harvest-feast. The Main advantage of KARAOKE is the increasing number of people who use social Networking and Applications for deviations, Fun and staying in shift with Friend s. India ranks Third in the World for Social Networking users. In India now it has become a Fashion that people Express their Emotions in Public through Social Networking Thus karaoke would be an Entertaining application for them. The karaoke also offers the Original versions of the Songs for Download at cheaper Price where the Customer kindle buy it after Listening to the preview of the Songs. As the Application Software is designed for Multi platform it preempt be used in Smartphones and Tablets as well This prepares the Application Portable and Fun to use it Wherever we are.The KARAOKE has an Unique Feature of Auto Voice tuning Option, where it helps to cut off Background and Ambience noises making it easy for the Users and it also Helps the Amateur Singers to var. their Voice for Better timberland and Fun. It provides various Features ilks gives a chance to Listen to the Original track for a Limited number of times in front purchasing are recording the Karaoke Version, in each purchase of a Karaoke Track it offers a Free online Lyrics Script for that Song, where people rear even change the lyrics as well, non it any way of offering the Composer, Artist or the Record Labels. The KARAOKE has a fresh Approach towards the Music Industry where it Helps to Reduce Music Piracy in India. Where people can Buy the songs Only which they like at cheaper price instead of Buying the Whole Album.KARAOKE soles the Purpose of Interest of the Consumers from All over India who likes Songs and likes to Sing songs. This merchandise give Grab the Kids and Youngsters as well. volume in In India are connected to Internet and Social networking most of the Time. Nearly 620 330 040 Facebook Users lam in India Ranking the Third Highest Facebook Users country in the World. So Publishing and Sharing the ware through Facebook would help and which would also Favor the Facebook. The Karaoke has a spot Web page which acts like an Social networking Website where people can like and stimulus on others Karaoke songs, give an Unique name for their Karaoke song and share them onFacebook, twitter and Sound cloud.though KARAOKE is Unique in its own Kind with different Approach towards Karaoke. There are Six Prevailing Competitors for KARAOKECompetitors1. Meraghana.com2. Redkaraoke.com3. Taranaa.com4. Desikaraokedownload.com5. Karaokehindi.com6. Latestbollywoodkaraoke.comSWOT analysisStrength parvenu innovation towards karaoke works both as social networking and helps music industry from Piracy as well low cost latest songs sharing with friends can be operated through Mobile Phone and Tablets as Well.Weaknesses original karaoke versions released can be pirated songs Offending the Composer and Record labels can be made idea can non be copyrightedOpportunities low cost options for single songs instead of buying the whole album listen to the songs for limited number of times before the Download. Threats existing and new competition can arise with similar products cost of Web hosting and boniface space in Rise3. BACKGROUNDThe Team Consists of Members with Knowledge of Music Industry in India,Music Engineers , Application and Server Maintainers. Software Developers. Me therefore having quite a Good companionship around the Indian Music Industry and engage Audio Production Course acquiring Knowledge in Both Artistic and Technical aspects and having knowledge about the Karaoke Music Interests in India exit go the Purpose. Realizing the Piracy threat and Detailed research how piracy affects the Indian Music Industry helps to bring up this Business Plan. For Additional helps and technical Assistance People depart be recruited in Future of the Business if Needed. The Team shall be Expanded in Future of the Product when it goes Global when it is introduced in Other Countries, shall come up Help from the Countries Respectively for Further Assistance.4. OwnershipThe Ownership of this Product this Project would Belong to the Creator of this Product and the Financier of this Project in 15 % and 85% respectively in the clear Margin. where the Creator would be Developing the Product with Different Ideas and new Innovations making it Interesting for the Consumers. where the Record labels would feel Partnership with the Composers and Artists for devising the Karaoke Version, which is Simple with the Same Original Track without the songs and the Record Label will have Royalty and Copyright Agreement with the Composer and Artists of the Songs.5. Company grammatical constructionThe Company Structure includes the Team and the Space for Accommodating the Server and Technical Support. Though This will be an Free Application Software the Investors Play a Vital region and they Handle the Artists and Composers regarding the Royalties for each song that is sold through the KARAOKE.6. TEAMOnce the Product is Developed by the Developers for introduced in the Market, it needs Technicians for Trouble shooting and pull ahea d technical assistance during the First 3 Months of the Product Launch where the Developers will be responsible for Sorting it out according to the Agreement they Have with the Company. Software will be Further Developed and maintained depending uponthe Increase in number of Consumers.5. THE PRODUCTThe Product KARAOKE is a web based Application Software for Pc , Mobile phones and Tablets. KARAOKE is an Application Software which acts like an Social Networking web where Consumers From India can Sing and make their Favorite Karaoke Songs from All Different Languages in India. The primeval Feature of this Product is Consumers have access to use Up to date Latest Karaoke songs from more than 10 Different Languages in India. The Product is sparing when compared to the other Karaoke Web downloads in India, where People can listen and choose their Karaoke songs before buying it, and they can Buy single original versions of the Song they like instead buying the whole Album. KARAOKE has v arious Facilities where people can sing and manipulate their voice to make it better or Hilarious according to their wish, with Various Vocal Auto Tune Option.When They buy a Song from KARAOKE, they can sing the Original Lyrics where they would be given a free online Free Lyrics script for that song or they can make their Own Lyrics within the Terms and conditions, Where any Vulgarity or in offence to law shall be immediately remove from the Web. Once they are Done with Recording the Song, they can Upload it solitary(prenominal) once through the Application, But they can keep their Downloaded Karaoke version With them. Consumers will have all access to Training and Trials on the webpage. When they Uploaded a Song, they can Upload it with different recording once again and so they have to buy the Track again for Uploading and they cant Claim Copyright for their Lyrics or the Tracks. Any Unlawful Act by the Consumers will be taken to Account where they can expand using the Product .When People report spam or any other Disrespectful to one other(prenominal), the song shall be removed with further Notice. KARAOKE allows the consumers to like and comment on Others songs and can Rate on others Songs, consumers can Upload their Songs on Facebook, Twitter, Sound cloud and on the Same KARAOKE webpage as well. As KARAOKE web page acts as a Social Networking web, consumers can name their Own songs with the name they like and give a Description or Story For that songs, Where they can designate the memories of the songs and Emotions through words. In The Initial Stage of the Karaoke From the Launch of the producttill it gravels known with the people, they get a Beneficial Package when they Invite people to the Product, they get free Songs and can make their free song and Share it, which helps the Product as a Promotion. KARAOKE is quick to Access even on Mobile phones and Tablets where they all need is Internet and the Product.KARAOKE will be Introduced as Free Subs cription Application Software, Where People get a Free Songs from latest and Up to date songs on the Web, which helps them to know about the Product and get Familiar with and they are allowed to Share the song. They abutting Benefit they Get is, As they Invite People to the KARAOKE they get a Free Songs subsequently Inviting 20 people as they Join they KARAOKE which makes it More Interesting for them and Which could help them more to know about the product. Where these Beneficial Schemes helps the Products Promotion and selling and makes it Familiar to the Younger generation who are Active on Social Networking.KARAOKE will Act as a Fun and Recreational Element. KARAOKE will also sell Original Versions of Up to Date songs at Cheaper price, which helps The Indian Music Industry to Fight Against Piracy. There are More than coke Websites which Offers flagitious Download, which the Government involves to shut down but the numbers are still on increase and this Product would help Fi ghting Against Piracy.Later after making the Product Familiar the Product can be Redesigned to shew in different Countries. KARAOKE after a Steady success, will have a Dealership will Mobile Networking Companies, because in India Many people use a facility called caller Tune where people calling one another would listen to their Favorite song instead of the normal ring, where KARAOKE would offer that they can use their own karaoke song which they made as their Caller Tune, this would make the Consumers more Interesting where they always in a search of Something New.6. MARKETING PLANHaving knowledge of Indian Music Industry and being aware of the High Piracy rate in India and the Attitude of the Indian Consumers who are Keen on trying something which is new to the securities industry and which helps to Interact with one another, friends and Family. This Would help them as an Recreation and to stay in touch with each other in an Unique way like ever before. So weunderstand that peop le need something new which would help them Forget Illegal Download and make them buy Original tracks and karaoke versions and make this as an entertainment more interesting which already prevails but not quite popular. Here Kotlers 4Ps of Marketing Help to Address a marketing Strategy (mellow 2009).ProductThe Consumers want to Try something new when Products like this Launches in the Market. They are connected to Social Networking most of the time to stay in touch with One another. As People in India are Music Lovers and Movie Lovers as well they would like to try this product as well. KARAOKE is a fun Filled Entertainment and Recreational solution for the People who Love music and love to make Music where they can purchase Original tracks.This Product will have a strong connection with the Amateur singers mainly, as they want to sing songs and make it sound good just where they are, and to share it with friends, this will help them to attain what they need. KARAOKE is a simple and effective Application in which they can make their song wherever they are, all they need is a pc or Mobile phone or tablet with internet connection. Karaoke provides more Interesting options which would make it User friendly.PlaceAs KARAOKE is a Free Version Application Software, they can Directly Download it from the Web page or through Online Application stares of their Mobile phones and Tablets. After Downloading the Application, when they need to Buy Karaoke Songs and Original Songs, they can Buy it with their Credit Cards and Debit Cards, which the Webpage would give proper Guidance. Another authorized point of sale will be through Advertisement links on Facebook, twitter and Sound Cloud, where people can join and purchase the songs on go. No direct cash transaction would take place, everything would go through secured online debit and Credit card payment.PriceThe Product is Very Cheap and Economic when compared to its Competitor although this is a new Innovation and unique o f its Kind. The ApplicationSoftware would be Absolutely Free with free Upgrades as well. When KARAOKE is compared to it market competitors it is economic, where the competing websites offer periodical and yearly package of 15 and more, which are higher than the KARAOKE, where only few Websites offer single song download which is Much more expensive than our Product.To make it comfortable for the Consumers KARAOKE offers single songs downloads at cheaper price where if people are not likely fire anymore they dont have to lose their property. KARAOKE offers Original Songs and Karaoke Version at the same Cost where each of them would be charged 0.11( INR = 10) which is the most cheap and reasonable cost for a Track in the Indian Market. Where as iTunes sells each song at a cost of 0.14 ( INR = 12 ). iTunes when compared to KARAOKE, it is reasonably cheaper. As the this would be an attractive and cheaper price for the Consumers of the Indian Market.As the Competing Websites Offers An nual Packages, most of the Websites doesnt Offer Latest songs, which is more likely to be a draw okay for their own fortune. where they are more like Forcing to Consumers to purchase the Monthly or Annual Package. where as KARAOKE doesnt gives the Consumers the Whole freedom where they can choose what they would like to Buy and Use.PromotionThe Product will be Promoted in a Number of ways to Target the Younger generation. These people Mainly Include from the Age convocation of 16 35, where the Other Age pigeonholing Promotion would also take place. As the First bar of Promotion, The Application Software will be given as a Free Download where People can explore and understand about the Product. The Next step would be that Each and Everyone who had joined the KARAOKE would be given a Free Karaoke Song of their own choice which is Present on the Web. where people will now be allowed to experience the Product and share it with their Friends and get a good knowledge about the Produc t. The next step of promotion would be with Regional Celebrities from Different languages, will be doing a karaoke version of a famous song and will be out on the Web and social networking sites and their fan Pages ,where it will be shared for promotion, this will help the Product get popular.The Next Step would be, when people invite more than 20 people and as the invited people join, theInvite would get a free Song again, This will increase the number of users of the product and makes it Quite popular among the Youngsters. Now KARAOKE would have Enough users and they would start liking the product as they Would start Purchasing the songs. Facebook, twitter and Sound Cloud would play an Important Role in Promoting the Product as people make their Karaoke Song and share it with their Friends Online. Advertisements on Social networking sites would take place.As KARAOKE has new fun filled Features like Auto Voice tune, Funny effects, it is quite easy to get familiar and effective with kids and Youngsters. Later on After get steady market and Consumers, KARAOKE will have collaboration withe Mobile Network Companies to use their own songs of the Consumers as their Caller Tunes, where we would get paid by the Mobile Network companies and they would be charging from the Consumers. As Each and Every week in India more than 2 Music Albums are released so people will be more Curious about making new karaoke songs and this will add up to their Entertainment.7. SALES AND DISTRIBUTIONPrimary sales would be through the Official Web page and Application stores of the Mobile Phones and Tablets. where Advertisements about new songs and deals would be Published and shared through Social networking and the Followers in them. Advertisements about the release of new Albums and updates about Upcoming Songs would be done through the Official Webpage and Social networking. As Karaoke Acts as an Social Networking site it solves the Purpose. This would take quality time to Get popula r and effective in the Market as this Involves people from Different states and Different Languages from India. As the Celebrity Advertisements would help in Promoting the product will help the sales of the product in a period of Time.Distribution will be Done in the Web page and in Social Networking sites as well through Advertisements and information, where the Followers would get Up to date informations. Distribution will partly be done by the consumers as well as they do their song and share it with others, which would be beneficial for both the Consumers and the producers. After a number of people had acquired and account with KARAOKE, the next step for the company would be upgrading the product to make it useable for a large number ofpeople and making it user-friendly after receiving feedback from the Consumers.8. CompetitorsKARAOKE faces Competition in two Different ways, thought KARAOKE is a whole new different product from their competitors. One way of Competition would be through Existing Websites which are available for Karaoke songs Downloads. The other way of Competition would be through the Duplication of the Product and piracy of the Tracks released through KARAOKE. There are Six main competing websites, which shall be stated below and compared with KARAOKE.1. meraghana.com which offers a Subscription Plan for $4.95 (INR = 270.67 , = 3.05) a Month and $49.95 (INR = 2731.27 , = 30.76) a year for unlimited usage. The cost of this Product is very High for the Consumers as meraghana.com has very fer consumers. which doesnt offer any new Songs and concentrates on a Single language from India and it does not offer any free additions like the Lyrics script and Movie Informations.2. Redkaraoke.comWhich Offers a Subscription plan for $2.99 (INR = 163.49 , = 1.84) a Day , $6.99 (INR = 382.21 , = 4.30 ) a Month and $39.99 (INR = 2186.65 , = 24.63) a Year, where there rates are too high even for a single day subscription and they do not offer any new s ongs or sharing facilities and there is no add on to the Product as much.3. Taranaa.comWhich Offers a Yearly Subscription for $20 (INR = 1093.60 , = 12.32 ) a year. They do not offer any periodical Subscription or single song Download options was KARAOKE does and they do not Offer any new songs which disappoints the Consumers, and they do not offer different languages.4. Desikaraokedownload.comit is a free karaoke songs downloading Website, though it is illegalDownloads its Quite Popular where people can download the karaoke songs and record it separately on their own devices, where as the website does not produce any facilities for recording and Sharing the tracks. As it is an illegal download there is no proper quality of the tracks.5. Karaokehindi.comWhere Each Track Cost $5 ( INR = 273.40 , = 3.08 ) which makes it too expensive for the consumers when compared to the other competing websites, and they do not offer any monthly or yearly subscriptions as the other websites do. T hey offer only old songs and not the Latest tracks which could grab the youngsters attention.6. Latestbollywoodkaraoke.comThis Website Offers up to date karaoke tracks, including the Latest releases for Free, but it is illegal Download where the songs are not Copyrighted at all. The Tracks which they offer are manipulated poor Quality tracks. Though they provide latest songs the do not provide any recording facilities or sharing facilities.SWOT analysis for KARAOKE when compared to its CompetitorsStrengths Can be used in Mobile phones and Tablets too, which makes it Portable. Easy to Use and an Interesting piece of Entertainment. Sharing Facilities on Social Networking websites. new innovation towards Karaoke because it is unique in its Own kind.Weaknesses duplication of the product Piracy of Tracks which are released through KARAOKE risky promotional Tactics, giving free tracks initially for promotion where the Competitors dont. Heavy investment needed.Opportunities As it is Intere sting for the Youngsters to use support from music composers and record labels to promote the Product it is a free Application Software, which acts like a social networking young generations interest in music and making music.Threats new customers switching to Similar outgoing products. people should afford to spend money for buying songs and Karaoke Tracks. price / feature war with competitors composers can officially release karaoke versions themselves, which would affect them the most again As the SWOT Analysis compering the Competitors shows that KARAOKE offers a better deal and new interesting Elements which would attain success in market with the Younger generations Interest on it, Though it has its own weaknesses and threats, by more offers and Advertisements and Development of the Product will help the product to stand up in the Market.KARAOKE is Unique in its own kind as mentioned earlier and there is no similar product this, though it has competitors. The competing websit e are expensive and does not offer any New tracks Usually which would make lose interest among the Youngsters, who seek latest updates, even when few Websites offer they are Illegal downloads with Poor Quality. KARAOKE would act as a Social Networking piece, which would bear upon the Younger generation to spend Quality time on it, this will give back the senses to the consumers where they get used to Buying songs and Karaoke tracks for minimal price kinda downloading it illegally.The Strength of the Product lies in support from the Composers, Artist and the Record labels, as this is a new Innovation where people would like to Invest and make money in return and this would pay the Royalty for the Artist and composer as well. By analysis the characteristics of the competitors has been revealed where they are expensive and drawbacks in different forms, this would give back action to the karaoke involved Entertainment.9. CustomersThe First set of Target Customers are the Younger Gene ration between the Ageof 16 35 who are prone users of Social Networking like Facebook and twitter, where the people who are interested in trying new Products, that makes them happy and Interactive. Thus KARAOKE would serve as a medium for their Social interaction through karaoke tracks and their singing abilities. The next set of Target Customers will be from all age group who are Music lovers and who love to Sing, even if they are amateur singers, so this Product will do justice to users from School students to working Professionals. This Product will be beneficial to the Elderly people who are interested in singing prayers songs and other religious songs by themselves.People From Different states of India would Buy and try out Other Language tracks in which they are Familiar and interested to pursue, there are few Consumers who would know more than one language and are interested in all language songs, this product will help to solve their requirements. As there are Consumers fro m Different parts of India where each one has different interest towards karaoke and Social Networking as well, this would help to ladder the market. As People outside India are interested In Indian Songs and Indian Karaoke Tracks, they would even purchase their likes from this Product and this will help in extending the market of the Product Internationally and Developing the Product.India ranks third in the use of Social Networking Websites. There are 62 713 650 Facebook users as per the statistics record which has been taken recently, where 48% users are from the Age group 18 24 and 27 percent users from the Age Group 25 34, which contains the majority of more than 75% below the age group of 35 which shows a number around 47 035 238. Where most of the Youngsters will be Music lovers and interested in making karaoke songs Songs when something new is projected, even when only 2% of the people are interested from the age group 18 -35, there would be nearly 311 650 consumers for t his product, So this will be a sure figure where people will be interested in using the Product which is Absolutely good for a new Product during it launch.10. BUDGETinitially the Business team ail require a Time period of Six months forDeveloping the Software and Trouble shooting them, to make it perfect during the launch of the Product, it may take a month extra for Fine tuning the product for better Outcome. The Initial Investment for the First Six months including Software underdeveloped and miscellaneous expenses rather than Software Development will be 12000 (INR = 10,68,000) and 4000( INR 3,56,000) respectively. After completing the Product and after rectifying the Products mistakes, the Product will be ready for it Launch. After the launch we need further investments for Promotion and increasing number of users.After the Launch, The freshers who are new to the Product will be condition a Free song of their own choice, where it is roughly calculated with the number of consu mers estimated above, which would cost about 35 016 (INR 31,16,500) where it is a whooping investment. after they invite Twenty more people to the Web and as they join the web application, the Invite would be Giver and additional free song where the figures are calculated at the level best and the maximum expense would be 35 016 again.The estimated Profit Margin will start after One year of the product launch as it a new investment, where as if the Product is successful soon and has many consumers, they get back the initial in Six Months time. Advertisements for the Products will cost 3000 which can be compensated with the money the product earns through Advertisements about movies and music Album on the Official web page. As the Product gets families the advertisements revenue for the Product will also Increase. the estimate derive Margin on the sec on year will be 30% resulting in a net profit of 60,000.11. INITIAL INVESTMENTAn estimated Initial Investment of 16000 + 73 032 in s ix month interval respectively, a Total of 89032 will be needed for the Product. Which would include the Web development and Server management cost including a sum of 12000 and 4000 for the Miscellaneous expenses, this would cover all the expenses including the labor charges and transportation. Where 3000 from the whole Budget will be allocated for the Celebrity Advertisements and advertisements through other mediums. Free Advertisements of Facebook and twitter would not incur any charges where they are mutually beneficial. The projection is that at least 2% of the do social Networking circle start using the Product which will be around 311 650 consumers Using the Product.In the First Three Months 25% from the product consumers, which will have 77912 consumers will buy at least One song at a minimum rate which would contribute the revenue at 8735. in the next Three months which Six months all together will have 50% of the consumer buying at least One song which would give another 8735, and the product will be earning through Advertisements of the web page which will contribute a minimum of 3000 in the first six months which will gradually increase. Thus the Initial investment needs are explained.12. BarriersInternal BarriersThe Internal Barriers which could arise is, Effective investments from the Investors with Confidence to Bring up a Good Quality Product and the Time for Testing the Product and trouble shooting may take much time as predicted to be. It could take Six to nine months for Marketing the Product through promotion and make the Product Familiar with the Consumers. This my be due to unforeseen Circumstances such as illness, job relocation, etc. orthogonal BarriersEternal Barriers would arise by the Lack of Potential Investors, who can cope up with the Development of the product. Finding a Good Software development and server management team could also be a barrier. Technical barriers like the speed and effectiveness of the product in mobile ph ones and Tablets could arise. Advertisements should reach the consumers well before the product is launched. Effective Competitors, Duplication and piracy could also be a barrier.13. Profit and ExitThe profit margin for this product is gradual initially with 30% after the First year, the main idea of the product is to take it gradually producing good quality and customer satisfaction. It takes nearly one year to get back the Huge Investment on whole and does not need much investment and running cost after the First year. The main aim of the product is get a Steady and gradual market with strong Consumers. Further development of the Productwill depend upon the income and expenses after the First three years. The Profit target will be 1 053 432 including the expenses and charges incurred after the First year, Where the company successfully makes Profit out of the Product.

H2 Chemistry Practice

SERANGOON JUNIOR COLLEGE General Certificate of Education Advanced Level Higher 2 CHEMISTRY JC2 Preli instantary Examination publisher 1 Multiple Choice Additional Materials Data Booklet Optical Mark Sheet (OMS) 9647/01 23 August 2011 1 hour READ THESE book of instructions FIRST On the sepa graze multiple choice OMS given, write your name, FIN/NRIC and class in the spaces provided. Shade correctly your class and FIN/NRIC number. Eg. If your NRIC is S9306660Z, shade S9306660Z for the situation index number. There argon forty questions in this paper. Answer all questions. For each question there are intravenous feeding practical solvings A, B, C and D.Choose the one you consider correct and record your choice using a soft pencil on the separate OMS. Each correct answer lead score one mark. A mark will not be deducted for a wrong answer. You are advised to fill in the OMS as you go along no additional time will be given for the transfer of answers once the examination has ended. Any rough working should be done in this question paper. This document consists of 20 printed pages and no blank page. 2 Section A For each question there are four possible answers, A, B, C and D. Choose the one you consider to be correct. 1 A student added 10 cm3 of 0. gram molecule dm? 3 KI (aq) to 10 cm3 of 0. 2 mol dm? 3 CuSO4 (aq) in a beaker and observed that a egg white devolve in cook solution was obtained. She knew that if she were to add S2O32? (aq) to the mixture, the brown solution will be discolorised. Calculate the volume of 0. 04 mol dm? 3 S2O32? (aq) she should add to the mixture in the beaker in order to completely decolourise the brown solution. A B C D 2 12. 5 cm3 15. 0 cm3 16. 7 cm3 25. 0 cm3 Which of the following contains the greatest amount (in mol) of particles? A B C D 600 g of I2 (s) 50 cm3 of H2O (l) 50 dm3 of HCl (g) at s. t. p. 50 cm3 of 2. 5 mol dm3 CH3COOH (aq) 3 An element, E sens form a simple ion, E2+. Which of the following is the electronic configuration of an atom of E? A B C D 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 4s2 SRJC 9647 / 01 / Prelim / 2011 Turn all over 3 4 In 1996, Professor Hoffman and a group of scientists sight a new element known as Ununbium, Uub. An atom of Uub can be create by the fusion of a lead nucleus with the nucleus of an isotope of element G as follows 208 82Pb + G 277 112Uub + 1 neutron What is G? A B C D Cu Zn Ga Ge 5Which of the following graphs correctly describes the behaviour of a fixed mass of ideal gas? V/m3 constant P V/m3 constant P T/ oC 0 B V/m 3 T/ oC A V/m 3 constant P constant P 0 C T/ oC 0 D T/ oC SRJC 9647 / 01 / Prelim / 2011 Turn Over 4 6 Which of the following consists of three compounds with diametrical types of structure? A B C D BeO, SO2, BH3 BeCl2, Na2O, SiO2 AlF3, MgCl2, BN AlCl3, Cu2O, SiCl4 7 Ethyl ethanoate undergoes hydrolysis in water in the armorial bearing of dilute hydrochloric acid catalyst. HCl CH3COOCH2C H3 + H2O CH3COOH + CH3CH2OH The rate of reaction was investigated by varying the concentrations of the ester and HCl.Experiment 1 2 3 ethyl ethanoate / mol dm-3 0. 10 0. 15 0. 10 HCl / mol dm-3 0. 20 0. 10 0. 10 Initial rate / mol dm-3 min-1 0. 096 0. 072 0. 048 Which of the following statements well-nigh the to a higher place reaction is correct? A B C D Half-life for experiment 1 is 0. 144 min. The rate equation of this reaction is rate = kCH3COOCH2CH3 H2O. Tripling the concentration of both ethyl ethanoate and HCl increases the rate of reaction by a factor of 6 If the fractional(a) life of ethyl ethanoate in experiment 1 is 5. 0 min, then the half life of ethyl ethanoate in experiment 3 will be 10. min. 8 When 2. 4 g of Na2CO3 was added to 50 cm3 of 1. 0 mol dm-3 sedimentary hydrochloric acid, the temperature of the solution rose by 3. 2 oC What is the enthalpy change of neutralisation of this reaction? (Assume that 4. 20 J is required to raise the temperature of 1 cm3 of the solution by 1 K. ) A B C D ? 1. 34 x 104 J mol-1 ? 2. 97 x 104 J mol-1 ? 3. 11 x 104 J mol-1 ? 2. 56 x 106 J mol-1 SRJC 9647 / 01 / Prelim / 2011 Turn Over 5 9 The graph below shows how the percentage of convergences present at equilibrium varies with temperature and crush. Percentage of products T + 20) oC T oC Pressure Which one of the following reactions could the graph represent? A B C D 2Fe (s) + C (s) + 3 O2 (g) 2 Fe2O3 (s) CO (g) H = ? 822 kJ mol? 1 H = ? 111 kJ mol? 1 H = +57 kJ mol? 1 H = +76 kJ mol? 1 1 O2 (g) 2 N2O4 (g) 2NO2 (g) CO (g) + Cl2 (g) COCl2 (s) 10 Given that the Ksp of Mg(OH)2 is 1. 5 ? 10? 11 mol3 dm? 9 and the Kb of aqueous C2H5NH2 is 5. 6 ? 10? 4 mol dm? 3, what is the solubility of Mg(OH)2 in 1. 0 mol dm? 3 aqueous C2H5NH2? A B C D 1. 64 4. 78 2. 68 6. 34 x 10? 4 mol dm? 3 x 10? 5 mol dm? 3 x 10? 8 mol dm? 3 x 10? 10 mol dm? 3 SRJC 9647 / 01 / Prelim / 2011 Turn Over 6 11 An experiment is launch up as shown below The E cell of the cell was monitored as time progressed. When a change was made continuously to the put up-up, the graph below was obtained. E cell /V Time / s What was the continuous change made? A B C D Add nickel (II) chloride to the nickel half cell Add NaCN to the iron half cell Add water to the nickel half-cell Increase the surface area of iron immersed in the solution. SRJC 9647 / 01 / Prelim / 2011 Turn Over 7 12 Aluminium alloys usually undergo a process known as anodisation to increase corrosion resistance and surface hardness.In this process, group O is organise and the gas reacts with the aluminium object to form a thick layer of aluminium oxide on the metal surface that protects the metal. A possible set up for this process is shown as below Gases liberated Battery H2SO4 (aq) Aluminium object Graphite Which of the following statements about the anodisation of aluminium is true? A B C D Hydrogen gas and southward dioxide gas are liberated. Replacing the graphite electrode with copper will cause the reacti on to cease. Anodisation is also possible when the aluminium object is connected to the negative terminal Water is oxidised at the anode to produce oxygen gas.SRJC 9647 / 01 / Prelim / 2011 Turn Over 8 13 neat elements G, H and J are in Period 3 of the periodic Table. The trend of their second ionisation energies and melting points are shown in the graphs below. 2nd I. E. melt down point G H J G H J What could be the identities of G, H and J? A B C D Na, Mg, Al Mg, Al, Si Si, P, S S, Cl, Ar 14 Which of the follow properties of beryllium and its compounds is incorrect? A B C D beryllium does not react with water. Beryllium oxide undergoes neutralisation with both acids and bases. Beryllium chloride reacts with ammonia in a 12 ratio.Beryllium chloride is insoluble in water SRJC 9647 / 01 / Prelim / 2011 Turn Over 9 15 When concentrated sulfuric acid was added to solid potassium chloride, white fumes of total heat chloride gas was observed. The same observation was made when conc entrated sulfuric acid was added to solid potassium iodide, but significantly less white fumes was observed. Which of the following explains the lower yield of hydrogen iodide as compared to hydrogen chloride? A B C D Iodine is less labile than chlorine. Iodine is a weaker base than chlorine. Hydrogen iodide is less volatile than hydrogen chloride.Hydrogen iodide is much easily oxdised than hydrogen chloride. 16 Which of the graphs below show the variation in the volume of carbon dioxide gas collected when 1 mol of strontium change and 1 mol of calcium carbonate are heated strongly? Volume of gas / cm3 Volume of gas / cm3 Time / min Time / min A Volume of gas 3 / cm Volume of gas 3 / cm B Time / min Time / min C D SRJC 9647 / 01 / Prelim / 2011 Turn Over 10 17 atomic number 85 is below iodine in Group VII. Which of the following properties is consistent with its position in the Periodic Table? A B C D Silver astatide is soluble in dilute ammonia.Astatine is a liquid at room tempe rature and pressure. Astatine reacts with aqueous Fe (II) to form Fe (III). Hydrogen astatide decomposes at a lower temperature than hydrogen iodide. 18 Aqueous chlorine is added to aqueous sodium bromide and the mixture was shaken with an equal amount of trichloromethane. Given that the density of trichloromethane is 1. 48 g cm? 3, which one of the following observations can be seen? A Colourless Red-brown B Red-brown C Colourless D Colourless Red-brown 19 Below is a scheme of reaction showing the chemistry of some compounds of novelty metals in aqueous solution.Excess AgNO3 (aq) Excess KCl (aq) Cu (s) Blue solution White precipitate What are the possible identities of the blue solution and the white precipitate? Blue solution CuNO3 CuNO3 Cu(NO3)2 Cu(NO3)2 White precipitate CuCl AgCl CuCl AgCl A B C D SRJC 9647 / 01 / Prelim / 2011 Turn Over 11 20 Stigmasteroid alcohol is an unsaturated plant sterol occurring in the plant fats of soybean and rape seed. How many another(prenomina l) stereoisomers does stigmasterol have? A B C D 29 210 211 212 21 In which of the following reactions is the reactive carbon sp3 hybridised in the reactant and sp2 hybridised in the product?Br2 in CCl4, in the dark A CH3CHCHCH3 CH3CHBrCHBrCH3 B CH3COCH3 LiAlH4 in dry ether, r. t. p. (CH3)2CHOH C CH3CH2OH Excess conc. H2SO4, 1700C CH2CH2 Cl Cl D CH3Cl / AlCl3 SRJC 9647 / 01 / Prelim / 2011 Turn Over 12 22 Which one of the following processes is a propagation step in the chain reaction between CH2Cl2 and Cl2 when irradiated with swinging? A B C D 2 Cl Cl2 CH2Cl2 + Cl2 CCl3 + Cl2 CHCl3 + Cl CHCl3 + HCl CCl4 + Cl CCl4 + H 23 In the preparation of ethene, ethanol was added to a flake out of heated reagent L. The impure ethene was washed by being bubbled through a solution of M before collection.What are the reagents L and M seeming to be? Reagent L concentrated H2SO4 concentrated H2SO4 ethanolic NaOH dilute NaOH Reagent M ethanolic NaOH dilute NaOH concentrated H2SO4 concentrated H2S O4 A B C D 24 In the Wurtz reaction, two halogenoalkanes react with sodium metal to form a new carbon-carbon bond, resulting in the formation of a new alkane R? X + R? X + 2Na R? R + 2NaX Which of the following does not show the correct product when the stated reactants are reacted together in a Wurtz reaction? A B CH3Br + C2H5I + 2Na CH3CH2CH3 + NaBr + NaI CH3 Br + + CH3 Br + 2Na + 2NaBr C Br CH 2Br + 2Na 2NaBr D Cl + Br 2Na + NaCl + NaBr SRJC 9647 / 01 / Prelim / 2011 Turn Over 13 25 Which of the following shows the correct reagents and conditions to produce the desired product? H H C H NaBH4 H COOH (l) Na2CO3 (s) H C H H C H COO Na (l) + A H C H B O O (l) OH PCl 5 (aq) H3 3 CHC C Cl (l) C H3C CH3 C H H C H Cl ethanolic KOH, heat H H C H H C H OC2H5 D H C H 26 aggregate Q was refluxed with aqueous sodium hydroxide and the resulting mixture was then distilled. The distillate gave a positive tri-iodomethane test. The residue in the distillation flask, after acidification, gave a wh ite precipitate.Which of these could be Q? A B C D CH3CH2COOCH2CH3 C6H5COOCH3 CH3CH2OCOC6H5 CH3CONHC6H5 27 Which of the following produces a compound with a chiral carbon centre on reaction with hydrogen cyanide? A B C D CH3CHO CH3CH2COCH2CH3 CH3CO2CH3 HCHO 9647 / 01 / Prelim / 2011 Turn Over SRJC 14 28 The Russian composer Borodin, was also a research chemist. He discovered a reaction in which two ethanal molecules combine to form a compound comm solo known as an aldol (reaction I). The aldol formed can then produce another compound on heating (reaction II). reaction I reaction II CH3CHO CH3CH(OH)CH2CHO CH3CH(OH)CH2CHO CH3CH=CHCHO + H2O Which of the following best describes reactions I and II? I A B C D II elimination reduction reduction elimination addition addition elimination permutation 29 Compounds W, X and Y react with sodium, but only one of them reacts with aqueous alkaline iodine. Which of the following combinations is likely to be W, X and Y individually? A B C D C6H5OH , CH3COOH, (CH3)3COH HOCH2CH2OH, HOCH(CHI2)CH2COOH, CH3COCH2I CH3COOH, (CH3)3COH, CH3COCH2OH CH3COOH, CH3COCHI2, CH3COOCH2OH SRJC 9647 / 01 / Prelim / 2011 Turn Over 15 0 In the study of a polypeptide structure of Z, it was digested using two different enzymes. The fragments obtained were then separated using electrophoresis. Analysis of the fragments from each digestion gave the following results Fragments using first enzyme tyr-leu-leu tyr-ala gly-asp-pro asp-pro Fragments using second enzyme leu-tyr asp-pro-gly ala asp-pro-tyr-leu Deduce the possible sequence of Z. A B C D asp-pro-tyr-leu-ala-leu-tyr-asp-pro-gly asp-pro-gly-asp-pro-tyr-leu-leu-tyr-ala gly-asp-pro-asp-pro-tyr-ala-tyr-leu-leu ala-asp-pro-gly-asp-pro-tyr-leu-leu-tyrSRJC 9647 / 01 / Prelim / 2011 Turn Over 16 Section B For questions 31-40, one or more of the numbered statements 1 to 3 may be correct. locate whether each of the statements is or is not correct. The responses A to D should be selected on the basis of A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 2 and 3 only D 1 only are correct are correct are correct is correct No other combination of statements is to be used as a correct response. 31 Two colourless liquids were mixed together in a beaker and go away to stand. The mixture separated into two distinct layers after standing for an hour.Assuming that the liquids did not undergo any reaction with each other, which pair(s) of liquids, when mixed, will produce the above observation? 1 2 3 Ethanal and water Cyclohexanol and methanol Ethanol and tetrachloromethane 32 A reversible reaction, A (aq) + B (aq) of M2+ ions. C (aq) is catalysed by an aqueous solution Which of the following statement(s) about this system is/are correct? 1 2 3 The catalyst alters the mechanism of the reaction. The catalyst reduces the activation energy for both the forward and backward reaction. The catalyst alters the composition of the equilibrium mixture.SRJC 9647 / 01 / Prelim / 2011 Turn Over 17 33 Sulfuryl chloride, SO2 Cl2, is often used as a source of Cl2 for various organic reactions. Sulfuryl chloride is also a highly reactive gaseous compound which decomposes endothermically when heated in the following manner SO2Cl2 (g) SO2 (g) + Cl2 (g) A 72 mole ratio of SO2Cl2 and Cl2 was placed in an evacuated vessel at 375 K and 6 atm. After 10 minutes, the mixture reached equilibrium and the partial pressure of SO2 was found to be 0. 625 atm. Based on the above data, which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? 1 2 3 The Kp value is 0. 03 atm. The Kp value will subside when total pressure increases. The partial pressure of SO2Cl2 will remain constant when temperature decreases. 34 Consider the reaction between sulfur dioxide and oxygen to form sulfur trioxide 2SO2 + O2 2SO3 Given that ? H = ? 199 kJ mol-1, and ? S = ? 190 J K-1 mol-1 for the above reaction, which of the following statement(s) is/are correct for the reaction? 1 2 3 The reaction is instinctive under standard conditions. As temper ature increases, the reaction becomes more spontaneous. In the formation of sulfur trioxide, the system becomes more disordered. 5 Hydrazoic acid, HN3, is an acid with pKa value of 4. 72. Which of the following statement(s) about a 25. 0 cm3 adjudicate of 0. 100 mol dm? 3 HN3 (aq) is/are correct? 1 2 3 The concentration of N3? in the sample is 1. 38 x 10? 3 mol dm? 3. A buffer solution is formed when 12. 50 cm3 of 0. 100 mol dm? 3 of NH3 (aq) is added to the sample. When titrated with NaOH (aq), the equivalence pH is above 7. SRJC 9647 / 01 / Prelim / 2011 Turn Over 18 36 In 1800, an Italian physicist Alessandro Volta invented the first battery the galvanizing pile. A diagram of the voltaic pile is shown belowBlotting paper soaked in Zinc metal H2SO4 (aq) Copper metal One cell Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? 1 2 3 The overall equation of the reaction occurring in the cell is Cu2+ + Zn Zn2+ + Cu. Zinc is the anode, while copper is the cathode. cathode The e. m. f. of the voltaic pile can be increased by stacking more elements 37 When drops of NaOH (aq) were added to a greenish solution of Cr(NO3)3 (aq), a greygreen precipitate was formed. The precipitate dissolved when excess NaOH(aq) was added, forming a dark green solution. Subsequent additions of liquid ammonia caused the solution to turn violet.According to the information given above, which of the following statement(s) is/are incorrect? 1 2 3 OH? acted as a ligand in the first addition of drops of NaOH (aq). NH3 is a stronger field ligand as compared to OH?. The Cr(H2O)63+ complex is the most unstable of all the complexes involved. SRJC 9647 / 01 / Prelim / 2011 Turn Over 19 38 Chloroethane reacts with excess alcoholic ammonia when heated to form a quaternary ammonium salt in four steps. Which of the following statement(s) about the reaction is/are correct? 1 2 3 In each step, the attacking nucleophile is more nucleophilic than that in the introductory step.In each step, the react ion is slower than the previous step due to increased steric hindrance. In each step, an intermediate with a sp2 hybridised carbon atom is formed. 39 Dopamine is a neurotransmitter found in many animals, including vertebrates and invertebrates. The structure of dopamine is shown below O OH HO OH NH2 Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? 1 2 3 1 mol of dopamine reacts with 3 mol of ethanoyl chloride. 1 mol of dopamine reacts with 1 mol of HBr (aq). 1 mol of dopamine reacts with 1 mol of Na2CO3. SRJC 9647 / 01 / Prelim / 2011 Turn Over 20 40Paracetamol is commonly used for the relief of headaches, fever and pains. It is a major ingredient for cold and flu remedies. The structure of Parcetamol is shown below H N O CH3 HO Which of the following statement(s) about Paracetamol is/are correct? 1 2 3 On addition of concentrated nitric acid, a white precipitate will be formed. A pale yellow precipitate is formed when a solution of warm alkaline aqueous iodine solution is added. It reacts with hot aqueous sodium hydroxide to produce a gas which turns damp red litmus paper blue SRJC 9647 / 01 / Prelim / 2011 Turn Over